Class 12 Chemistry Amines Notes (Handwritten Notes)

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Class 12 Chemistry Amines Handwritten Notes

Next Chapter: Biomolecules
Previous Chapter: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Other Subjects:
Class 12 Biology Notes
Class 12 Physics Notes

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Key Points: Amines Notes PDF

Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia, obtained by replacement of one, two or all the three hydrogen atoms by alkyl and or aryl groups.

• Nitrogen orbitals in amines are sp3 hybridised.
• Geometry of amines is Tetrahedral.
• Shape of amines is Pyramidal.
• The fourth orbitals of nitrogen in all amines contain an unshared pair of electron.

Methods of preparation

• Reduction of Nitro-compounds: Nitro compounds are reduced to amines by passing Hydrogen gas in the presence of Ni, Pd or pt and also by reduction with metal in acidic medium.
• Reduction of Nitrile: Nitriles are reduced to amines with LiAlH4, Na/C2H5OH (ethanolic sodium), or H2 / Ni (catalytic hydrogenation).
• Reduction of amides: Amides are reduced to amines with LiAlH_4 or Na/C_2H_5OH
• Ammonolysis (Hoffmann’s Ammonolysis): When alkyl Halide (R-X) reacts with alcoholic solution of ammonia, halogen atom of alkyl halide is replaced by -NH2 group of ammonia. This process of cleavage of R-X by ammonia is known as ammonolysis.
• Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction: Primary amines are prepared by treating an amide with Br2 and KOH or NaOH.

Physical Properties:

• Lower amines are colourless gas (but occupies colour due to oxidation) with fishy odour where as higher amines are colourless liquid or Solid.
• Lower amines are soluble in water because of forming Hydrogen bond with water molecules.
• Higher amines are insoluble in H₂O due to increase in size of alkyl part.
• Boiling point of amines are comparable high due to the formation of the intermolecular Hydrogen bonding:

Chemical Properties :

• Basic Nature of Amines
• Alkylation ( Addition of alkyl group)
• Acylation: Distinguish test
• Benzoylation
• Carbylamine reaction

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