NCERT Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction Notes (Handwritten Notes & PDF Download)

Here we have shared NCERT Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction Handwritten Notes. The Human Reproduction notes is a best resources for students who are preparing for their board exam because it compile the entire lesson into short and includes every important topics.

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NCERT Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction Handwritten Notes

Next Chapter: Reproductive Health
Previous Chapter: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Other Subjects:
Class 12 Physics Notes
Class 12 Chemistry Notes

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Key Points: Human Reproduction Notes PDF

Reproductive Events

1. Gametogenesis: Formation of gametes i.e., Sperm & ovum.
2. Insemination: Transfer of male gamete into female genital tract.
3. Fertilisation: Fusion of sperm and ovum.
4. Blastulation: Formation and development of the blastula or blastocyst.
5. Implantation: Attachment of blastocyst to wall of uterus.
6. Gestation: Embryonic development in womb.
7. Parturition: Delivery of baby.

Testis

• Primary sex organ (both endocrine and exocrine).
• Oval shaped.
• Length 4 to 5 cm – width – 2 to 3 cm.
• Testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called scrotum.

Structure of Testes

• The testis covered by dense covering:
• Internally each testis is divided into 250 compartment.
• Compartment is called – Testicular Lobule.
• Each lobule contains one to three highly coiled Seminiferous tubules in which sperms are produced.

Penis: Male copulatory organ.

• Made up of special type of tissue which help in erection for insemination.
• The end of penis is called ‘Glans Penis’ and covered by skin fold called ‘Foreskin’.

Scrotum: Sac like structure in which testis are placed.

• Temperature regulation by:
  • Dartos Muscle
  • Cremaster muscle

Ovary

• Ovaries are primary female sex organ.
• Produce female gamete (ovum).
• Produce several steroid hormones (Estrogen, Progesterone).
• Locate at lower abdomen.
• Each ovary is about 2-4 cm length.
• It is connected to pelvic wall and uterus by ligaments.
• Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium, which enclosed the ovarian stroma.
• Stroma is divided into two zones: i) Peripheral cortex, ii) Inner Medulla.

Uterus (womb):

• Single inverted pear-shaped structure.
• It is supported by ligaments attached to pelvic wall.
• Three parts: (i)Fundus , (ii) Body (uterine cavity) , (iii) Cervix.

Vagina : Female copulatory organ.

• 10 cm long tubular structure.
• Fibre muscular canal lined with mucous.
• It opens externally in vestibule by vaginal orifice.
• Function: Receive semen by Penis during sexual intercourse.
• Provide passage for menstrual flow.
• Passage for Child birth.
• Vaginal canal + cervical canal = Birth canal
• Mucosa of vaginal wall store glycogen. Lactobacillus acidophilus decomposes and produce organic acid. It protects from infection and PH.

Bartholin Gland : Also known as greater vestibular gland one on both side of vaginal orifice. Secretes lubricating fluid during sexual intercourse.

Paraurethral Gland : Also known as Lesser vestibular gland or Glands of Skene it Secretes mucous during intercourse.

Glandular Tissue:

• Glandular tissue of each breast divided into 15-20 mammary lobes.
• Lobes contain cluster of cell called Alveoli.
• The Cells of alveoli Secrete milk which is stored in Lumen.
• Alveoli opens into mammary tubules join to form, mammary duct.
• Several mammary duct joins to form a wider mammary ampulla.
• Ampulla is connected to Lactiferous duct, through which the milk is sucked out.

SPERMIATION: After spermiogenesis, sperm head become embedded in sertoli cell to get nutrition. Then they released from seminiferous tubules. This process is known as spermiation.

Structure of sperm

• Sperm consist of 4 Parts:
• Head , Neck , Middle Piece , Tail.

Menstrual Cycle

• Monthly reproductive cycle occurs in female primates which involves changes in reproductive tract after Puberty under the influence of pituitary and ovarian hormone is known as Menstrual cycle.
• First Menstruation begins at puberty, called Menarche.
• Last Menstruation cycle around 50 year – Menopause.
• Average interval is 28 days.

Fertilisation

Fusion of sperm and ovum which results in formation of single celled diploid zygote is termed as Fertilization.

• Fertilization takes place in Ampulla of fallopian tube.
• It Occurs when the ovum and sperm are transported simultaneously to ampullary region.

Pregnancy

• Structural and Functional unit between developing embryo and maternal body is called placenta.

Lactation

• Mammary gland of female undergoes differentiation during pregnancy and start producing milk towards the end of pregnancy by process called Lactation.
• This helps the mother in feeding the new born.
• First time milk produced is called colostrum (yellow colour) and if contain IgA antibody and essential nutrients which helps in development of baby.

Benefits of Human Reproduction Notes PDF

• Notes are created by topper’s students and expert teachers so you can rely on our notes for your board exam.
• Human Reproduction handwritten notes are organized in clear and structured way so you can revise whole chapter in very less time.
• By using our notes you can get rid off from making your own notes so you can focus on your study more.
• During exam time students feel very high pressure. Human Reproduction Notes are best for last-minute revision. It covered complex topics in very easy and understandable language very helpful for managing the stress in the last days of exam.
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