NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nuclei Notes (Handwritten Notes & PDF Download)

Physics is a very important subject for students. It may be hard for some students. For helping students here we have shared NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nuclei Handwritten Notes.

The Nuclei notes is a best resource for students who are preparing for their board exam because it compile the entire lesson in short and include every important topic.

NCERT Class 12 Physics Chapter 13 Nuclei Notes

Next Chapter: Semiconductor Electronics
Previous Chapter: Atoms

Other Subjects:
Class 12 Biology Notes
Class 12 Chemistry Notes

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Nuclei Notes PDF

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Key Points: Nuclei Notes PDF

Isotopes :- The atoms of an element, which constitute the same atomic number but different mass numbers are termed isotopes.

Isobars: The atoms which constitute the same mass numbers but different atomic numbers are termed isobars.

Nuclite : In this atomic number is equal to number of neutrons.

Nuclear Stability : Stability of a nucleus depends on the ratio of protons to neutrons.

Nuclear Binding Energy : Nuclear binding energy is the energy required to hold the nucleus of an atom together. It is the difference between the energy of the separate nucleons (protons and neutrons) and energy of the nucleus when these nucleons are combined.

When nucleons come together to form a nucleus, they lose some mass due to the binding energy. This energy is what keeps the nucleus stable.

Binding Energy Per Nucleon Curve

1. Initial Increase : Binding energy per nucleon increases sharply for light nuclei (Low A) Indicating increasing stability with size.
2. Peak Stability: It reaches a peak around A = 56 (Iron, Fe), Signifying that nuclei around this mass number are the most stable. The binding energy per nucleon is highest here^. (around 8.8 MeV/nucleon).
3. Gradual Decrease : For heavier nuclei (A > 56), the binding energy per nucleon gradually decreases, implying lower stability.
4. Implications : This curve explains why :

• Fusion of lighter nuclei (to the left of the peak) can release energy as they move to- wards higher binding energy per nucleon.
• Fission of heavier nuclei (to the right of the peak) can release energy as they split into fragments with higher binding energy per nucleon.

Nuclear Forces : Nuclear forces are responsible for binding protons and neutrons together within the nucleus. These forces are strong but short-range in nature.

Nuclear reactions : They are two types of Nuclear Reactions

• Nuclear Fission
• Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Reactor : It is a device which convert nuclear energy into electrical energy.

Uses of Nuclear Reactor

• Electricity Generation
• Research
• Production of Radioisotopes

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