Class 12 Chemistry Biomolecules Notes PDF (Short & Handwritten Notes)

Here we have shared class 12 Chemistry Biomolecules Notes . The Biomolecules notes is a best resources for students who are preparing for their board exam because it compile the entire lesson into short and includes every important topics.

With the help of Biomolecules notes students can understand the chapter in a better way. Notes are prepared by very experience teachers in an organised way so students can rely on this notes for their exam preparation.

Class 12 Chemistry Biomolecules Handwritten Notes

Previous Chapter: Amines

Other Subjects:
Class 12 Biology Notes
Class 12 Physics Notes

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Key Points: Biomolecules Notes PDF

Biomolecules are naturally occuring organic compounds present as essential constituent of livingorganism in different cells.

Carbohydrates:

Carbohydrates may be defined as optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produces such units on hydrolysis eg. cellulose, glycogen, starch, glucose etc.

Monosaccharides:

• non-hydrolysable
• Soluble in water
• can’t give polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone.
• 20 are known.
• eg Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose etc.

Disaccharides :

• On hydrolysis yield two molecules of monosaccharides.
• Crystalline
• Soluble in water
• Sweet in taste.
• eg. canesugar (sucrose), maltose, lactose etc.

Cylic structure of Glucose :

1. Despite having aldehyde group, glucose do not give schiff’s test and it does not from the hydrogensulphite addition product with NaHSO3.
2. The pentaacetate of glucose do not react with hydroxylamine indicating the absence of free -CHO group.
3. Glucose exist in α and β farm.

Maltose: Maltose is composed two α-D-glucose units in which C1 of one glucose (I) linked to C4 Of anotherglucose unit (II).

Lactose :

• known as Milk sugar.
• composed of β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose.
• linkage is between C-1 of galactose and C-4 of glucose.
• Free aldehyde group may be produced at c-1 of glucose unit, hence it is Meducing sugar.

Polysaccharides: Polysaccharides contain a large number of monosaccharides units joints together by glycosidic linkages.

• Starch
• Cellulose
• Glycogen

• Importance of carbohydrates:
• Essential far plant and animals as a source of energy.
• Structural material of cells.
• Raw material for textile, paper and alcohol inds.
• Monosaccharides are also present in nucleic acids.
• which controls transmission of hereditary effects from one generation to another.
• Biosynthesis of proteins as well.

Vitamins :- Vitamins are group of arganic compounds which are required in a very small amount for healthy growth and functi- oning of animals arganism. They can not be made by arganism and so have to be part of our diet.

Hormones:

• Chemicals produced by endocrine gland which find their way into blood Stream and influence and regulate the functions.
• Some of these are steroids, polypeptide (insuline and endorphins), amino acid derivatives (epinephrine and naчepine-phrine).
• acts as intracellular messangers.

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